PEIPA Pr i n c e Edwa r d I s l a n d Po l i c e A s s o c i a t i o n 20th Annual Crime Prevention Guide Child Abuse “Child abuse casts a shadow the length of a lifetime.” ~ Herbert Ward AWARENESS 20Years of Support from Island Businesses PEIPA extend a bigTHANKS! PEIPA promotes sports and a sense of community for Island youths This years theme: child abuse EDUCATION, AWARENESS and PREVENTION! 2009/2010 Edition ’
ADD I CT I ON ONE I SLAND FUTURE ONE I SLAND HEALTH SYSTEM It alw an easily end in harm and/or addic It c lk T ts simply and innoc ys star a our son or daugh tly enough. en tion. I ohol and substanc er about alc e t ’t hav t doesn o. a to y N Alberton ospital Western H (902) 853-8670 t ontac eed help? C ummerside S ospital Prince County H (902) 888-8380 harlott C Pr T 1-888-299-8399 t the people who c etown tions ddic ovincial A acility t F reatmen Montague tion S Addic ouses Road D (902) 838-0960 e use an help: ervices Souris er tion S Addic ospital Souris H (902) 687-7110 . Department of Health vices
1 message from the premier 20th annual crime prevention guide
2 20th annual crime prevention guide John Flood Vice-President East Jason Blacquiere Vice-President West Milo Murray President Allan Kelly Recording Secretary Ron MacLean Secretary Treasurer 2 executive members Dale Corish Director West Tim Keizer Director East
3 20th annual crime prevention guide message from peipa president On behalf of the Executive and membership of the Prince Edward Island Police Association, it is an honour and pleasure to present our 20th Annual Crime Prevention Guide which focuses on child abuse prevention. Prince Edward Island Police Association members encourage all citizens to carefully read the Guide, in hopes that through education and awareness, we all are better able to protect children in the community. The abuse must stop! I would like to thank the residents and business owners on Prince Edward Island for their ongoing support allowing the Prince Edward Island Police Association to further our community involvement and publish our Annual Community Guide. In closing, I strongly urge the members of the Prince Edward Island Police Association to support the sponsors and advertisers listed in this Crime Prevention Guide, who have been an important part of our success over the past twenty years. Sincerely, Milo Murray President Prince Edward Island Police Association
4 20th annual crime prevention guide Why park at a meter when you can be inside from the elements and not worry if your time has run out on the meter? Did you know that you can park for FREE weekdays in any of the parking garages when you have your ticket validated by any of the participating merchants in the downtown area. Remember to ask for your validation stamp when shopping or banking. All garages are open from 7am to midnight. Saturday parking is always free. POWNAL PARKADE 368-3653 FITZROY PARKADE 628-6622 QUEEN PARKADE 566-2133 Charlottetown area Development Corp We are proud to support the PEI Police Association Community Guide
5 table of contents 20th annual crime prevention guide Premier’s Message Executive Members President’s Message Publisher’s Page Message from the Mayor of Charlottetown Message from the Mayor of Summerside Charlottetown Chief of Police Message Summerside Chief of Police Message Lobby Day Parkside Bike Rodeo PEIPA Supports Youth Sports Winsloe West Royalty Minor Soccer Tournament Child Abuse Fact Sheet Family Violence Initiative The Maltreatment of Adolescents in Canada Abuse is Wrong Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect Lessons from Adult Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse Child Abuse Resources Advertisers’ Index 1 2 3 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 27 31 41 45 49 55 59 64 63 On the cover: Asher Wood Photo courtesy of Tricia Harrison
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7 publisher’s page 20th annual crime prevention guide On behalf of Fenety Marketing Services, welcome to the PEI Police Association’s 20th Annual Crime Prevention Guide focusing on Child Abuse Awareness. It is an honour and a privilege working with PEIPA on assembling these publications with important Crime Prevention information for PEI’s communities. It is a tragedy that children suffer at the hands of adults, but unfortunately the hurt continues behind closed doors. Violence against our children should not be tolerated. Hopefully the information contained in this year’s publication will provide one more public resource to help the victims of this terrible crime. I would like to extend sincere thanks to the many business and residential community members throughout our province for their support of PEIPA’s Annual Telephone Appeal. Without you, this publication would not be possible. Your generosity is very much appreciated, and we look forward to your continued support of this annual community project. Sincerely, Mark T. Fenety President Fenety Marketing Services “Providing quality, professional marketing and fundraising services on behalf of high-profile, non-profit organizations across Canada.” Ma r k e t i n g S e r v i c e s ( A t l . ) L t d .
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9 message from the mayor of charlottetown 20th annual crime prevention guide On behalf of the City of Charlottetown I wish to congratulate the Prince Edward Island Police Association on the production of their 20th Annual Crime Prevention Guide, 2010 edition with the theme being: Child Abuse Prevention, both within our City and the Province as a whole. Child Abuse, as with Elder Abuse, can come in various forms however it is imperative as a society that we all work together to protect those in the vulnerable sector. The children of our community are our Future and we must do everything in our power to ensure they live a healthy, safe and productive life. I hope everyone who reads this guide will use the information provided to them to help protect the children of our Province. In closing, I wish all members of the Prince Edward Island Police Association well and thank all the police officers for their contribution in making Prince Edward Island a better and safer place. Sincerely Yours, Clifford Lee Mayor City of Charlottetown
10 20th annual crime prevention guide MacKinnon Bros. Service Centre 419 Mount Edward Road Charlottetown, PEI Licensed Mechanics Inspection • Alignment Brake Service 892-7781 892-2771 Peter McKearney Allen McKearney North Rustico Lions’ Club Proudly serving our community for 40 years. Bowling, Catering and Bingo Lounge: Open to the Public 379 Queen Street Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4C9 902-892-9977 Fax 902-892-6690 admin@npssconsulting.ca www.npssconsulting.ca Specializing in Security Guard Services, Port Security, Security Consultation and Training, Bylaw Enforcement and Lost Prevention.
11 message from the mayor of summerside 20th annual crime prevention guide On behalf of the City of Summerside, I wish to offer sincere congratulations to the Prince Edward Island Police Association for producing the 20th Annual Awareness Guide, 2010 edition, which this year focuses on Child Abuse Prevention within our communities. You are to be commended for the work which you perform as Police Officers. Through this Guide, along with the many crime prevention programs which members are involved in, both in an official police capacity and on a volunteer basis, you make not only our City, but all communities across Prince Edward Island, a better and safer place in which to live and work. Once again, please accept our best wishes to everyone involved in the Prince Edward Island Police Association. As well, I take the opportunity of congratulating you on the 20th publication of the Community Awareness Guide. Sincerely, Basil L. Stewart, Mayor City of Summerside
12 20th annual crime prevention guide Enjoy prime locations, comfort & convenience. Variety of apartment styles. 902-566-2490 www.killamproperties.com 2 Locations 80 Buchanan Drive Charlottetown, PE 628-4600 511 Granville St. Summerside, PE 432-3570
13 message from charlottetown’s chief of police 20th annual crime prevention guide This year marks the twentieth year for the PEI Police Association Crime Prevention Guide. Each year the Association produces a Crime Prevention/Awareness Guide, which provides educational materials, information and prompts discussion on important issues facing our communities. This year, the Guide focuses on the issue of child abuse. Prevention is the best hope for reducing child abuse and neglect and improving the lives of children and families. Strengthening families and preventing child abuse requires a shared commitment of individuals and organizations in every community. The term "prevention" is typically used to represent activities that stop an action or behavior. It can also be used to represent activities that promote a positive action or behavior. Research has found that successful child abuse interventions must both reduce risk factors and promote protective factors to ensure the well-being of children and families. Knowledge is power, and education and information are key components to empowering individuals and making our communities safer. It is our collective hope that those reading the Guide will find the information to be timely and informative and that this information will foster positive discussion among family and friends. The production of this Guide not only raises awareness on an important issue, but also assists the Police Association in the efforts to fund and support very worthwhile projects within our Island communities. On behalf of the members and staff of the Charlottetown Police Services, I would like to congratulate the PEI Police Association for the production of this year’s Community Guide, and wish you every success in the future. Yours truly, A. Paul Smith Chief of Police Charlottetown Police Services
14 20th annual crime prevention guide • Crack Injection • Interior / Exterior Drain Tiles • Sump Pits & Pumps • Concrete Restoration • Humidity Control Systems • Foundation Inspections • Lifetime Warranty Call Jonathan mackinnon 436-9557 toll Free 1-877-537-9475 A Wise Crack is a Dry One and WE GUARANTEE IT! LEAKY BASEMENT? Prince Edward Island Mayor Basil Stewart and Summerside City Council congratulate the Prince Edward Island Police Association on their Annual Crime Prevention Guide. www.city.summerside.pe.ca
15 message from summerside’s chief of police 20th annual crime prevention guide Congratulations again to the PEI Police Association for continuing their good work in producing their 20th Annual Guide. This year, the Association has focused on ‘Child Abuse Awareness’ as their topic for the Guide. This is an area that touches so many Canadian families and it is very important that these types of messages go out to the public as an education piece. The term ‘child abuse’ refers to the violence, mistreatment or neglect that a child may experience while in the care of someone they either trust or depend on, such as a parent, sibling, other relative, care giver or guardian. Abuse may take place anywhere and may occur, for example, within the child's home or that of someone known to the child, and may take several forms such as: physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and emotional abuse. The Canadian Red Cross reports that in the past thirty years, hundreds of children under the age of 18 were killed by family members, and that neglect is the most common form of reported child abuse cases, making up more than 40% of all reported cases. Children and youth under the age of 18 represent only one-fifth of the population, but are victims in more than 60% of reported sexual abuse offenses. A child who is being abused may endure the abuse for a long period of time before telling anyone what is happening and some victims never tell anyone about what they have experienced. Depending on their age and stage of development, a child may not be able to communicate what has happened to them, or they may fear they will not be believed. They may be convinced that the abuse is their own fault and, if they tell anyone about it, they will be punished. They may fear that they or the abuser will be removed from the home, or suffer other consequences. They may feel ashamed and want to keep the abuse a secret to avoid being stigmatized or labeled. It has been difficult to obtain a true and complete picture of child abuse in Canada because it often remains hidden. Most provinces now have mandatory reporting laws that require those (including professionals and members of the public) who suspect that a child is being abused to make a report to the appropriate child and family services agency. We must continue to battle for the rights of our precious children, and if need be, be their voice to report when a suspected abuse is taking place. This form of abuse must end. J. David Poirier Chief of Police Summerside Police Services
16 20th annual crime prevention guide The Town of Stratford is pleased to support this Guide and the work that the P.E.I. Police Association does on behalf of our residents. Clarey Consulting Immigration &Investment Norman G. Clarey Manager 85A Fitzroy Street Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada C1A 1R6 Phone: 1-902-569-4556 Cell: 1-902-626-9485 Fax: 1-902-569-4557 nclarey@pei.sympatico.ca Summerside Golf Club 902-436-2505 www.summersidegolf.com Come and Join the Club Rental • Sales • Service • Supplies CONTRACTOR INDUSTRIAL HOMEOWNER CHARLOTTETOWN 61 Peters Rd. 894-7001 1-877-312-RENT (7368) PARTS & SERVICE 1-877-312-7368 Visit United Rentals E-Rental StoreTM www.unitedrentals.com 24/7 Emergency Service 24 HOUR RN CARE REGULAR DOCTOR VISITS PRIVATE OR SEMI PRIVATE UNITS CLOSE TO ALL AMENITIES 82 BEDS 49 NURSING, 33 COMMUNITY CARE PLANNED ACTIVITY SCHEDULE HOME COOKED MEALS Nursing License No. 4 Community Care License No. 26
17 lobby day 20th annual crime prevention guide canadian professional police lobby day Liberal Senator, Catherine Callbeck Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, Gail Shea Progressive Conservative Party Liberal MP, Wayne Easter Liberal MP, Lawrence MacAulay Liberal MP, Shawn Murphy PEIPA Executive members Ron MacLean, Milo Murray, Jason Blacquiere and Tim Keizer at the Canadian Police and Peace Officers Memorial at Parliament Hill.
Constituency Office: P.O. Box 520 100 School Street Tignish, PE C0B 2B0 Telephone: 1-902-882-4493 Fax: 1-902-882-4494 Toll Free: 1-800-224-0018 Email: sheag1A@parl.gc.ca Hon. Gail Shea, M.P. Egmont Please do not hesitate to contact me at any time. Ottawa Office: Room 556 Confederation Building House of Commons Ottawa, ON K1A 0A6 Telephone: 1-613-992-9223 Fax: 1-613-992-1974 Email: sheag@parl.gc.ca 18 20th annual crime prevention guide Prince Edward Island Nurses’ Union 902-892-7152 “Providing the care Islanders depend on” 90 University Avenue, Suite 300, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4K9 T: 902.368.8122 F: 902.628.4660 E: dsi@deltaware.com 365 University Avenue, Charlottetown PE C1A 4N2 902.892.1892 The business of health. The health of business.
19 community support 20th annual crime prevention guide parkside bike rodeo 2010 The winners received bicycles courtesy of the PEIPA and Canadian Tire.
20 20th annual crime prevention guide 234 Shakespeare Drive, Stratford, PEI C1B 2V8 Phone: 902-569-6925 Fax: 902-569-1845 E-mail: tcraig@town.stratford.pe.ca Web Site: www.youthcando.ca Tanya Craig Youth Coordinator West Prince Bookkeeping Certified Simply Accounting Consultants Personal and Corporate Tax Returns are pleased to support the PEIPA Elmsdale, PEI 902-853-3470 West Prince Industry Center Summerside, PE Church # 902.436.6044 Family Services # 902.888.3870 Proud to support the Prince Edward Island Police Association. OTTAWA 318 Justice Building House of Commons Ottawa, ON, K1A 0A6 TEL: (613) 992-2406 FAX : (613) 995-7408 Malpeque Agriculture Critic Official Opposition eastew1@parl.gc.ca HUNTER RIVER P.O. Box 70 Hunter River, PE, C0A 1N0 TEL: (902) 964-2428 FAX : (902) 964-3242 1 (800) 442-4050 HON. WAYNE EASTER, P.C., M.P. HOUSE OF COMMONS www.peifuneralcoops.com
21 community support 20th annual crime prevention guide Charlottetown Tigers Jr Mini Girls Basketball Team Mid Isle Magic Under 13 Girls Basketball Team Coaches Tim Keizer and Julie McCabe with Charlottetown Tigers (B) Provincial Champs. PEIPA sponsored the uniforms. Under 15 Girls Basketball Team girls’ basketball
22 20th annual crime prevention guide China Star Restaurant 265 WATER STREET, SUMMERSIDE, P.E.I. 10% OFF Takeout Orders of $24.00 or More Prices do not include taxes, and excludes Holidays & New Year’s Eve “The Best Chinese Food in Prince Edward Island” 888-3228 John’s Burner & Sheet Metal 440 Tower St. Summerside, PE 902-432-1435 18 Park St., P.O. Box 371, Charlottetown, P.E.I. C1A 7K7 Tel: (902) 628-6282 Fax: (902) 892-2866 Email: signcr@isn.net www.signcraftpei.com PAT BANKS Owner/General Manager Thomas M. Carver Ltd. Lime, Fertilizer, Sand & Gravel Loader, Dozer, Float Rental Alliston, P.E.I. C0A 1R0 Phone 962-2989 1-902-962-2891 Fax 1-866-364-3555 Toll Free DAMAC CONSTRUCTION LTD. 24 GARFIELD STREET, CHARLOTTETOWN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND David MacLeod President General Contracting - Specializing in Suspended Ceilings Telephone (902) 892-1594 Fax (902) 368-8155 Residential & Commercial Installations Call Kevin at: 854-3265 Wellington Cell: 439-1548 • 5” Seamless Aluminum Eavestrough • No More Rust and Leaks • Variety of Colours to Choose From • No Spikes Showing (installed with brakes inside eavesthrough) • Soffit & Facia Installation • Vinyl Shutters • Satisfaction Guaranteed “No More Leaks Over Your Head” Arsenault’s EAVESTROUGHING FREE ESTIMATES AcadiaConstruction HORIZONTAL BORING UNDERGROUND Free Style or Case Bore • Heavy Equipment Rentals • Backhoe & Dozer Services • Trucking • Excavating - Hydroseeding • Water & Sewer • Concrete Pump Rental 436-2256 PO Box 125, Summerside, P.E.I.
23 community support 20th annual crime prevention guide Charlottetown Royals Midget Baseball Team Summerside and Area Baseball Association. In the photo from left to right are: Cst. Troy McGee on behalf of PEIPA, Sam Cameron, and SABA President Mike Cameron. Cornwall Bantam AAA Baseball Champions Midget Champions - Acadia Jr. Axemen - 2010 PEIPA Hockey Tournament, Summerside Bantam Champions - Sussex Rangers - 2010 PEIPA Hockey Tournament, Summerside PeeWee Champions - Halifax Hawks - 2010 PEIPA Hockey Tournament, Summerside
24 20th annual crime prevention guide residential - Commercial - Industrial Heating • New Construction • Renovations • Data Communications SERVING PEI - WE WELCOME YOUR CALL Steve Jamieson - Owner Electrical Contractor Charlottetown 894-8414 Montague 838-3866 Fax: 838-9152 steve@amacelectric.com DoironFisheries P.O. Box 31 North Rustico, PEI C0A 1X0 (902) 963-2442 Proud to Support The Prince Edward Island Police Association St. Mary’s Holy Family 68 Broadway, Kensington, PE C0B 1M0 902-836-3609 Kaylee Hall PO Box 253 Montague, PE C0A 1R0 902.838.4399 www.veseys.com 4ExpEriEncEd cErtifiEd Staff 4firSt aid 4cpr 4nutritiouS Lunch & SnackS 4Junior kindErgartEn 4kindErgartEn 4aftEr SchooL programS 4fuLL & part timE SpacES - opEn door poLicy 4infant to agE 12 4hourS 7:30am - 6:00pm FOLEY’S TRANSFER INC. Atlas Van Lines (Canada) Ltd. BRIAN D. FOLEYS 9 Walker Drive Charlottetown, P.E.I. C1A 8S5 24 Hrs. (902) 894-9914 Fax (902) 566-4851 foleys@pei.aibn.com
25 community support 20th annual crime prevention guide Charlottetown City Police Bowl for Millions team. The PEIPA sponsored the Sherwood AAA Falcons and helped with their street hockey day on Grafton St. in Charlottetown. Dean Field (left) and Damian Clarke (right) are pictured here with members of the team. Safe Grad PEIPA made a donation to Three Oaks Senior High School’s Safe Grad. Cst. Jason Blacquiere presented a cheque to student Kendall Stusk and staff member Krista Hickey. Each year, PEIPA sponsors the Special Olympics Floor Hockey Team. PEIPA purchased new jerseys for the team this year! Csts. MacKenzie and Carver making a donation on behalf of PEIPA to Three Oaks Senior High School to assist in purchasing new equipment for their weight room. PEIPA sponsored the Provincial Weight Lifting Championships.
26 20th annual crime prevention guide RESTAURANT & SEAFOOD MARKET Casual Dining Inside or On The Wharf Full Menu Specializing in Seafood 2 Prince St. Wharf, Charlottetown 368-2888 894-9311 Restaurant Seafood Market/air pack service www.lobsteronthewharf.com Morrison’s Truck Salvage RR#1 Coleman, PE C0B 1H0 902.859.2350 Home • Commercial • Auto • Life H.L. SEAR INSURANCE LTD. 57 Grafton Street P.O. Box 635 Charlottetown, P.E.I. C1A 7L3 MARVEN MacDONALD Bus: (902) 894-5066 Fax: (902) 368-3659 Lloyd Cudmore - P.ENG 4-G WALKER DRIVE BUS: (902) 892-8200 CHARLOTTETOWN, PE FAX: (902) 892-5155 C1A 8S6 EMAIL: pmi@eastlink.ca Dr. Guy Boswell 591 North River Rd. Charlottetown, PE C1E 1J7 902-892-3200 DANIEL R. ROSS INC. POTATOES, RUTABAGAS, BEEF CATTLE BELFAST, R.R. #3 P.E.I. C0A 1A0 BUS: (902) 659-2283 CANADA RES: (902) 659-2711 Serving The Kensington Area for over 25 Years OPEN YEAR ROUND Mon - Fri 7:30 am - 5:30 pm DIanne lanK, BC - HIS Hearing Instrument Specialist Audio Consultants of P.E.I. Ltd. Beltone Hearing Aid Centre Polyclinic Professional Centre 199 Grafton Street, Suite 304 Charlottetown, P.E.I. C1A 1L2 Telephone: 894-8455 Fax: 892-0097 Toll Free: 1-877-994-8455
27 community support 20th annual crime prevention guide winsloewest royalty minor soccer tournament 2010 Each year, the PEI Police Association hosts the “Winsloe West Royalty Police Association Minor Soccer Tournament” for teams from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. The participants range in age from 10 to 18 years old.This event is always a success, with hundreds of youths exhibiting great sportsmanship. Congratulations to the champions, and thank you to everyone who participated!
28 20th annual crime prevention guide JVI COMMERCIAL DRIVING SCHOOL P.O. Box 92 Slemon Park, PE C0B 2A0 902-436-8774 202 Buchanan Drive Charlottetown, PEI C1E 2H8 902-892-8584 Locally owned and operated by K & A MacEachern Holding Ltd. The Delta Prince Edward is proud to support the Prince Edward Island Police Association 902-566-2222 • 1-888-244-8666 www.deltaprinceedward.pe.ca 29 Garfield St. Charlottetown, PEI Phone: 566-4736 AUBREY’S BOTTLE & RECYCLING DEPOT • Summerside • Alberton • Montague • Morell Adult and Community Education 140 Weymouth Street Charlottetown, PE Canada C1A 4Z1 Location: 305 Kent Street Tel: 902-566-9628 Toll Free: 1-800-446-5265 Fax: 902-566-9688 E-mail: mweavers@hollandc.pe.ca Website: www.hollandcollege.com ISO 9001:2003 Certified • Concrete Products • Ornamental Iron • Steel Culverts • Concrete Form Rentals • Waterworks Supplies • Concrete Restoration email: info@cclweb.com www.cclweb.com Hubert Fraser, Wayne Johnston, Ross White, Gerard Campbell, Andy Campbell, Kevin Peters Causeway Bay Linkletter Hotel 311 Market St. Summerside, PE C1N 1K8 902-436-2157 M.Sc., M.A., Psy.D., C.Psych., L.Psych
29 community support 20th annual crime prevention guide winsloewest royalty minor soccer tournament 2010
30 20th annual crime prevention guide CORNWALL • Grocery Items • Deli Items • Prepared Foods • Lotto Machine • Bank Machine Cornwall Plaza, 628-6787 Cornwall ScotiaMcLeod ScotiaMcLeod is a division of Scotia Capital Inc., a member of the Scotiabank Group. Dale Turner Jim Honsberger Yousef Hashmi dale_turner@scotiamcleod.com P.O. Box 1540 187 Queen Street Charlottetown, PE C1A 7N3 Tel: (902) 629-2563 Fax: (902) 368-8038 Toll Free: 1-800-474-1391 Don’s Bottle Exchange 684 South Drive Summerside, Prince Edward Island 436-4998 MACAUSLANDCONSTRUCTIONLTD. 142 RUFUS STREET SUMMERSIDE, PEI C1N 4K2 DOUG MACAUSLAND - REPRESENTATIVE BACKHOEING • SNOW REMOVAL & TRUCKING • BORING & TESTING • PIPE LINES BUS. 902-436-6112 RES. 902-436-7476 ISLAND EXCAVATORS (1985) LTD. FACS IMILE 658-2802 658-2785 Shop 658-2178 EXCAVATION & TRENCHING • Land Clearing • Snow Removal • Road Building • Topsoil • Heavy Equipment Rentals • Shale & Gravel • General Trucking • Float Rentals • Sand • Water & Sewer Construction DANNY WEST CELL [902] 628-5310 HOME [902] 675-3622 Bus: 902•838•3535 Fax: 902•838•2474 Robertson Road Montague, P.E.I. P.O. Box 1120 Canada C0A 1R0 Phone: (902) 672-2842 Fax: (902) 672-1327 www.stanhopegolfclub.com Prince Edward Island Nurses’ Union 902-892-7152 “Providing the care Islanders depend on” www.slemonparkhotel.com Home of Holland College's Atlantic Police Academy, and Aerospace & Industrial Technology Centre. Also home to JVI Driver Training School and Academy of Learning. Slemon Park Hotel & Conference Centre provides top quality training and conference facilities. We also provide modern private hotel rooms and food services to the students and guests of our training institutions. Slemon Park Hotel & Conference Centre is proud to support the PEI Police Association. For more information about our facilities, please call Eric toll free 1-877-782-9734 or (902) 432-1742. h h l o lege’s atlantic police academy, aerospace & Industrial technology Centre and motive power Centre. also home to JvI Driver tr ining School a d academy of learning.
31 20th annual crime prevention guide Child Abuse: A fact sheet from the Department of Justice Canada Department of Justice Canada Family Violence Initiative WHAT IS CHILD ABUSE? The term “child abuse” refers to the violence, mistreatment or neglect that a child or adolescent may experience while in the care of someone they either trust or depend on, such as a parent, sibling, other relative, caregiver or guardian. Abuse may take place anywhere and may occur, for example, within the child's home or that of someone known to the child. There are many different forms of abuse and a child may be subjected to more than one form: Physical abuse may consist of just one incident or it may happen repeatedly. It involves deliberately using force against a child in such a way that the child is either injured or is at risk of being injured. Physical abuse includes beating, hitting, shaking, pushing, choking, biting, burning, kicking or assaulting a child with a weapon. It also includes holding a child under water, or any other dangerous or harmful use of force or restraint. Female genital mutilation is another form of physical abuse. Sexual abuse and exploitation involves using a child for sexual purposes. Examples of child sexual abuse include fondling, inviting a child to touch or be touched sexually, intercourse, rape, incest, sodomy, exhibitionism, or involving a child in prostitution or pornography. Neglect is often chronic, and it usually involves repeated incidents. It involves failing to provide what a child needs for his or her physical, psychological or emotional development and well being. For example, neglect includes failing to provide a child with food, clothing, shelter, cleanliness, medical care or protection from harm.3 Emotional neglect includes failing to provide a child with love, safety, and a sense of worth. Emotional abuse involves harming a child's sense of self. It includes acts (or omissions) that result in, or place a child at risk of, serious behavioural, cognitive, emotional or mental health problems. For example, emotional abuse may include verbal threats, social isolation, intimidation, exploitation, or routinely making unreasonable demands. It also includes terrorizing a child, or exposing them to family violence. An abuser may use a number of different tactics to gain access to a child, exert power and control over them, and prevent them from telling anyone about the abuse or seeking support. A child who is being abused is usually in a position of dependence on the person who is abusing them. Abuse is a misuse of power and a violation of trust. The abuse may happen once or it may occur in a repeated and escalating pattern over a period of months or years. The abuse may change form over time. HOW WIDESPREAD IS CHILD ABUSE IN CANADA? It has been difficult to obtain a complete picture of child abuse in Canada because it often remains hidden. Most provincial and territorial child welfare laws require those (including professionals and members of the public) who suspect that a child is being maltreated to make a report to the appropriate child welfare authority. Yet many cases of child abuse remain undisclosed, either because a child does not, or cannot, tell anyone what has happened to them, or because no one reports the abuse to the authorities. A child who is being abused may endure the abuse for a long time before telling anyone what is happening. Some victims never tell anyone about what they have experienced. There are many reasons why abuse may remain hidden. For example, an abuser may manipulate, bribe, coerce or threaten a child (or someone they love) to prevent them from telling anyone about the abuse. Depending on their age and stage of development, a child may not be able to communicate what has happened to them, or they may fear they will not be believed. They may be convinced that the abuse is their fault and, if they tell anyone about it, they will be punished. They may fear that they or the abuser will be removed from the home, or suffer other consequences. They may feel ashamed and want to keep the abuse (and related family problems) secret to avoid being stigmatized or have their sexual identity questioned. A child who is being abused is usually in a position of dependence on the abuser. The power imbalance between the child and the abuser often increases the burden of disclosure. Children who are sexually abused, for example, may not tell anyone for a long time, or ever. Many children who experienced abuse while living in special needs institutions, child welfare facilities, youth detention facilities, and residential schools for Aboriginal children are only now, as adults, reporting the abuse. Individuals who witness or suspect that a child is being abused may not report it because they: • want to avoid the demands of becoming “involved”
32 20th annual crime prevention guide nhagerman@pei.aibn.com 85 BELVEDERE AVE., CHARLOTTETOWN, PEI C1A 6B2 “Our Driving Force is People” Telephone: Toll Free: Facsimile: 506-857-0205 800-561-7987 506-859-9339 689 Edinburgh Drive Moncton, NB E1E 2L4 www.armour.ca KING WOK RESTAURANT Specializing in Chinese Food 436-6333 Fast Take-Out Service Excellent Canadian Food Eat In or Take Out 239 Water St., Summerside www.peifuneralcoops.com Clark Insurance 66 Broadway St. North Kensington, PE PH: 902-836-3265 FX: 902-836-4307 Office 902-963-2352 1-800-665-2352 HENNIE HOEKSTRA Royal Bank of Canada PEI Branches 1-800-769-2511 WALMER INC. 290 Water St., Summerside, PE C1N 1B8 902-432-3180 85 Belvedere Ave • Charlottetown, PE. C1A 6B2
33 20th annual crime prevention guide • have personal views which condone the use of physical punishment • believe that the abuse is not “serious,” especially if the child does not have visible or severe injuries • believe that reporting the abuse to the authorities is not in the child's best interest • believe that reporting may not solve the problem because, for example, there may be a lack of appropriate services to help the child • lack knowledge about the signs and symptoms of abuse • not understand their responsibility to report abuse • not know that they can report to child welfare agencies, provincial or territorial social services departments or police departments, or • not know that a report can be made anonymously, and that there are no legal consequences, unless the report is false and is made maliciously. Although many cases of abuse are still not reported to either police or child welfare authorities, data from police reports and child welfare authorities is still the most important source of information about child abuse. A recent study, the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS) estimated the extent of child abuse in Canada based on data from child welfare authorities. The CIS is an important milestone in providing a national picture of child abuse. This study collected information about more than 7,000 child welfare investigations conducted across the country during a three-month period in 1998. Based on this data, the CIS estimated that there were 135,573 child maltreatment investigations in Canada in 1998 - a rate of almost 22 investigations for every 1000 children in Canada. Child welfare workers were able to confirm that the abuse had occurred in almost half (45%) of all cases. The key findings of the CIS include: Physical abuse: In 1998, about one third (31%) of investigations involved physical abuse as the primary reason for the investigation. Physical abuse was confirmed in about one third (34 %) of these investigations, a rate of 2.25 cases of confirmed physical abuse for every 1,000 children in Canada. Sexual abuse: One in ten (10%) investigations in 1998 involved sexual abuse as the primary reason for the investigation. Sexual abuse was confirmed in more than one third (38%) of these cases, a rate of 0.86 cases per 1,000 children. Neglect: Neglect was the primary reason for investigation in 40% of all cases in 1998. Neglect was confirmed in 43% of these cases, a rate of 3.66 cases per 1,000 children. Emotional maltreatment: In 1998, 19% of all investigations involved emotional maltreatment as the primary reason for the investigation. Emotional maltreatment was confirmed in more than half (54%) of these cases, a rate of 2.20 cases per 1,000 children. In addition to the CIS findings, the 1999 General Social Survey on Victimization (GSS) provides additional information on the extent to which children are exposed to family violence. The GSS found children in approximately half a million households had either heard or witnessed a parent being assaulted during the five years prior to the survey. WHAT FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO CHILD ABUSE? There is no single, definitive cause of child abuse, and any child - regardless of age, gender, race, ethnicity, cultural identity, socioeconomic status, spirituality, sexual orientation, physical or mental abilities or personality - may be vulnerable to being abused. Child abuse is a complex problem and there are many different contributing factors (individual, familial, social). Many experts believe that child abuse is linked to inequalities among people in our society and the power imbalance between adults and children. A child is usually in a position of dependence on his or her abuser, and has little or no power compared to the abuser. There is increasing understanding that a child's vulnerability to abuse may be increased by factors such as dislocation, colonization, racism, sexism, homophobia, poverty and social isolation. For example, in the past, many children sent to institutions experienced abuse. Most of these children were from marginalized groups in our society including, among others, children with disabilities, children from racial and ethnic minorities, Aboriginal children and children living in poverty. There are also factors that may increase a child's vulnerability Child Abuse: A fact sheet from the Department of Justice Canada Department of Justice Canada Family Violence Initiative
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35 20th annual crime prevention guide to being abused - or compound the effects of abuse. For example, a child's caregivers may experience barriers that prevent them from acquiring the necessary skills, resources and supports to prevent abuse, or they may lack access to the services and supports they need to address it. WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD ABUSE? Child abuse has devastating consequences for victims. Depending on its form(s), duration and severity, abuse may affect every aspect of a child's life; it may have consequences that are psychological, physical, behavioural, academic, sexual, interpersonal, self-perceptual or spiritual.12 The effects of abuse may appear right away, or surface only in adolescence or adulthood. Further, the effects may differ according to the nature of the response to the abuse, and whether the abuse was disclosed or reported. In some cases, the consequences are fatal. Girls and boys are affected differently by abuse. Compared to boys, girls are more likely to internalize their response to violence, and experience, for example, suicidal ideation, eating disorders, low self-esteem and psychological disorders. Boys are more likely to externalize their response to violence, displaying, for example, increased aggression, delinquency and spousal abuse. Boys who have been exposed to violence in their homes are more likely to be violent in their adolescent and adult relationships than boys not exposed to violence. PREVENTING AND RESPONDING TO CHILD ABUSE In Canada, child welfare laws require that all cases of suspected child abuse must be investigated to determine if a child is in need of protection. If a child is determined to be in need of protection, the child welfare authorities may respond by, for example, providing counseling and support for the family, removing the child (temporarily or permanently) from the home, or removing the abuser(s) from the home. Criminal sanctions may also apply in cases of sexual or physical abuse. Since the 1960s, significant steps have been taken to address child abuse in Canada including, for example: • the introduction of mandatory reporting laws • the creation of child abuse registries • changes to the Criminal Code and the Canada Evidence Act (see Reforming the law and enhancing its implementation); • the extension of time limits for laying charges in child sexual abuse cases, and • the establishment of child protection agencies run by First Nations. Further, since the landmark reports by Badgley (1984) and Rogers (1990), legislation to address child sexual abuse has been created and efforts to address the sexual exploitation of children are ongoing. Following the 1996 report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, the federal government acknowledged its role in the occurrence of physical and sexual abuse in residential schools, and implemented a communitybased healing strategy for Aboriginal communities (Gathering Strength). Given the extent of child abuse in Canada - as well as the complexity of this issue and its enormous impact - effectively preventing, identifying and responding to child abuse is an enormous but essential task. Addressing this issue requires the ongoing commitment and collaboration of community members, practitioners, and policy makers across Canada. Community supports and services for victims and their families are essential. The Department of Justice du Canada and its partners - including non-governmental organizations, provincial and territorial governments and the private sector - are actively involved in addressing child abuse issues through legal reform, public and professional education, research and support for programs and services. Some of this work is linked to the Department's participation in the federal government's current Family Violence Initiative which focuses on violence against women and children that occurs in the home, while other areas of activity are linked to other initiatives including, for example, the National Children's Agenda, the Aboriginal Justice Strategy, and the National Strategy on Crime Prevention and Community Safety. REFORMING THE LAW AND ENHANCING ITS IMPLEMENTATION In Canada, child abuse and exploitation are prohibited by the Criminal Code. For example, offenders may be charged under the Criminal Code for assaulting children. At the provincial/ territorial level, child protection legislation permits intervention to ensure children's safety and welfare. Child Abuse: A fact sheet from the Department of Justice Canada Department of Justice Canada Family Violence Initiative
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37 20th annual crime prevention guide In recent years, the Criminal Code has been amended to create new criminal offenses relating to child sexual assault, to specifically include female genital mutilation in the aggravated assault provision, and to amend the provisions on child sex tourism. Currently, Bill C-15 proposes legislation to protect children from sexual exploitation by criminalizing a number of specific actions including luring children on the Internet; transmitting, making available, or exporting child pornography on the Internet; or intentionally accessing child pornography on the Internet. Sentencing provisions would also be strengthened. Bill C-15 also proposes measures to make it easier to prosecute people involved in child sex tourism. Federal law also seeks to protect child witnesses. For example, recent amendments to the Canada Evidence Act, which define the forms of evidence that may be admitted in court, allow children, depending on their age and the type of offence involved, to be accompanied by a support person when they testify in court. Further, children can no longer be crossexamined by an accused; they may be allowed to provide testimony outside the courtroom or behind screens; and a videotape may be admitted as evidence, in lieu of a child's inperson testimony. As part of the Children as Victims Project, the Department of Justice du Canada is conducting a comprehensive review and consultation with its provincial/territorial partners and the public to determine the need for further reforms to criminal law and policy, particularly with respect to specific offences against children, children's testimony, and sentencing. The Project is exploring: •adding new child-specific offences to the Criminal Code. Child specific offences under review include: criminal physical abuse of a child, criminal neglect of a child, criminal emotional abuse of a child, child homicide, and failing to report suspected crimes against children. •ensuring that the Criminal Code provisions concerning age of consent are appropriate. The areas under review include raising the general age of consent to sexual activity, and a possible amendment to ensure that a child victim's apparent consent cannot be used as a defence. •ensuring that the Criminal Code contains sentencing provisions to better protect children. Possible modifications currently under review include provisions to: specifically emphasize the importance of denunciation and deterrence of crimes against children; provide the courts with additional tools to require longerterm supervision and mandate the availability of treatment for offenders who pose a continuing danger of re-offending against children; recognize the frequency and seriousness of child abuse in the home and at the hands of parents and caretakers; encourage the courts, when sentencing offenders in these cases, to place less emphasis on an offender's previous good character, since it is not unusual for such offenders to lack a prior criminal record; and require the courts to emphasize the emotional and psychological harms caused to children in assessing the gravity of the offences and the conduct involved. • improving the experience of child witnesses and facilitating their testimony in criminal proceedings. Potential changes under review include: eliminating the required competency hearing for child witnesses; making the use of testimony outside the courtroom or behind screens more widely available; increasing the use of videotaped evidence; changes to the use of hearsay statements; ensuring that delays in the court process do not jeopardize the availability of support for child Child Abuse: A fact sheet from the Department of Justice Canada Department of Justice Canada Family Violence Initiative
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39 20th annual crime prevention guide witnesses; ensuring that supports are available regardless of the type of offence; and ensuring that children are not questioned in ways that are inappropriate to their age and development during cross-examination. Some of the Department's other areas of activity which impact on the issue of child abuse include: •The Supreme Court of Canada has recently upheld the Criminal Code of Canada's possession of child pornography provision. •A Federal/Provincial/Territorial Working Group on Prostitution has been addressing the issue of youth involvement in prostitution through research and consultations in most jurisdictions. The Working Group's report on legislation, policy and practices concerning prostitution-related activities was released in December 1998. •The Department is actively involved in international efforts to prevent trafficking in children and child sexual exploitation. • The family law system and the federal Divorce Act are also important tools for addressing the issue of child abuse. The Department is consulting with Canadians to determine how the legal system can improve its response to family violence when parents are separating or divorcing, and what changes (if any) should be made to the federal Divorce Act to promote child-centred decision-making in situations of violence to ensure the safety of children and others. OTHER STRATEGIES TO PREVENT AND RESPOND TO CHILD ABUSE In addition to reforming the law and enhancing its implementation, the Department of Justice du Canada is involved in many other strategies to prevent and respond to child abuse. Education Education involves providing children with knowledge about their rights, and teaching them the skills to identify abuse, ask for help, and avoid being re-victimized. Further, parents and caregivers need information and support to help them care for children in a positive and nurturing manner. The Department supports public legal education programs across Canada that educate the public about family violence, including the prevention, identification and reporting of child abuse. Professional development and resources Many different groups of practitioners may have contact with children who are abused. Enhancing the awareness and skills of judges, Crown prosecutors, defence lawyers, police, health care workers, social workers, psychologists, and teachers about child abuse enables effective intervention. The Department works with its partners to support specialized training for justice system and law enforcement personnel in order to build a coordinated multi-sectoral, multi-disciplinary response with other systems. Research, data collection and information sharing The Department is involved in a number of national-level research and data collection activities related to child abuse that will help to: • increase knowledge about child abuse and its impacts throughout different stages of life • improve information exchange between government agencies • increase the effectiveness of responses to child abuse, and • enhance services and supports for children. Support for program and service delivery Support and intervention for children and families who have experienced abuse, or who are at risk, are essential. Through project funding the Department of Justice Canada supports pilot projects to develop, test and assess models, strategies and tools to improve the criminal justice system's response to child abuse. Through the National Strategy on Crime Prevention and Community Safety, the Department supports communitybased prevention and intervention programs that address risk factors for child abuse. Child Abuse: A fact sheet from the Department of Justice Canada Department of Justice Canada Family Violence Initiative
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