PEIPA INSIDE THIS ISSUE: PEIPA Supports the Community Annual PEIPA Hockey Tournament PEI’s Race Against Drugs Post Traumatic Stress Disorder affects all ages S U I C I D E P R E V E N T I O N A W A R E N E S S 24th Annual Crime Prevention Guide P r i n c e E d w a r d I s l a n d P o l i c e A s s o c i a t i o n
Peter McKearney Allen McKearney “Service is our Business” Hotel & Motel Full Line of Products Borden Office 902-437-3737 Head Office 902-368-3737 Jeff Poirier President Engine Services - Atlantic PO Box 150 Summerside PE C1N 4P6 www.vectoraerospace.com Tel: 902-888-1808 Fax: 902-436-0070 Cell: 902-88-7916 jeff.poirier@vectoraerospace.com
1 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE On behalf of the Province of Prince Edward Island, I would like to extend warm congratulations to the Prince Edward Island Police Association on the occasion of the publication of your 24th annual Crime Prevention Guide. It is with anticipation that I look forward each year to the selection of your theme as it is always a relevant and timely topic. Suicide prevention awareness, this year’s choice, is indeed another excellent choice. Suicide is preventable and suicide prevention works. By knowing the facts, warning signs, common misconceptions, and what resources are available, we all will come to the realization that help is available and recovery is possible. Congratulations to all involved in the 2014 publication and I wish you continued success in your work.
2 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE MESSAGE FROM THE PEIPA PRESIDENT As President of the PEI Police Association, I am very proud to introduce our 24th Annual Crime Prevention Guide focusing on Suicide Prevention Awareness. This publication is made possible by contributions and support from citizens and businesses across the Island, and the PEI Police Association is very grateful for the donations that make this publication possible. On behalf of the PEI Police Association, I encourage you to read through this year’s book and share it with family and friends to spread community awareness on the tragic subject of suicide. The community must know, especially our young people, that although we can have bad days and experience rough patches and tough times in life, there are always resources available to help us get through the difficult times. There is always an alternative, a better solution other than ending your own life, and there is always someone who cares and can help us get back to enjoying the precious gift of life. Sincerely, Corporal Ron MacLean President Prince Edward Island Police Association EXECUTIVE MEMBERS John Flood Vice-President East Jason Blacquiere Vice-PresidentWest Ron MacLean President Allan Kelly Recording Secretary Tim Keizer Secretary Treasurer Dale Corish DirectorWest Sid Stead Director East
3 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE MESSAGE FROM THE PUBLISHER The PEI Police Associationpublishes an Annual Crime Prevention Guide to educate the public on serious community concerns. This 24th Annual Crime Prevention Guide focuses on the delicate subject of Suicide Prevention Awareness in order to shed some light on this very dark issue. This Community Guide is made possible as a result of financial support from residents and business representatives throughout Prince Edward Island. Their generous support allows the members of the PEI Police Association to give back to their communities through donations to various local charities and youth-oriented programs. On behalf of the PEI Police Association, I would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank each and every contributor of our Annual Telephone Appeal. This unique publication is distributed free-of-charge each year to schools, libraries and public facilities and is also available online at the PEI Police Association’s website at www.peipolice.com, making it easily accessible to everyone. Your comments or suggestions regarding these publications are always welcome and we look forward to speaking with you again this year during our Annual Telephone Appeal. Respectfully, “Providing quality, professional marketing and fundraising services on behalf of high-profile, non-profit organizations across Canada.” Ma r k e t i n g S e r v i c e s ( A t l . ) L t
4 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE 25 Water Street Summerside, PE C1N 1A3 Ph: (902) 436-7241 Web: dalexmacdonald.dealerconnection.com The Town of Stratford is pleased to support this Guide and the work that the P.E.I. Police Association does on behalf of our residents.
5 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS Message from the Premier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Message from the President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Executive Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Publisher’s Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Message from the Mayor of Charlottetown . . . . . . . .7 Message from the Mayor of Summerside . . . . . . . . .7 Message from the Charlottetown Chief of Police . . .9 Message from the Summerside Chief of Police . . . .11 Prince Edward Island Police Association Photo Album . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 PEI’s Race Against Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Suicide Prevention Awareness Suicide Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Teen Suicide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Suicide in Children and Youth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Canada’s LGBTQ Youth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Suicide Among Seniors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Suicide Among Canada’s Aboriginal Peoples . . . . . 33 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Survivor Support Services in PEI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 ADVERTISERS’ INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 RESOURCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Proceeds from our Annual Community Guide project have allowed the Prince Edward Island Police Association to make a $1,000 donation to Kid’s Help Phone. In the past, the PEI Police Association has given financial contributions to a number of groups and organizations in the community. One of these groups is the Kids Help Phone. Anything goes From trouble with homework to dealing with loss and grief to thoughts of suicide, kids can talk to Kids Help Phone about anything. Professional counsellors provide anonymous, confidential and non-judgemental support. There for kids, day and night To reach a Kids Help Phone professional counsellor, kids, teens and young adults from any community in Canada can call or go online 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Support right at home We are the only organization that has access to a database of over 37,000 local resources. That means that no matter where a kid is calling from, our professional counsellors can connect them to a service right in their community, whether they need a place to stay for the night, a way home or a sexual health clinic. org.kidshelpphone.ca
6 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE North Rustico Lions’ Club Proudly serving our community for 40 years. Bowling, Catering and Bingo Lounge: Open to the Public Clarey Consulting Immigration & Investment Norman G. Clarey Manager 85A Fitzroy Street Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada C1A 1R6 Phone: 1-902-569-4556 Cell: 1-902-626-9485 Fax: 1-902-569-4557 nclarey@pei.sympatico.ca
7 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE MESSAGE FROM THE MAYOR OF CHARLOTTETOWN MESSAGE FROM THE MAYOR OF SUMMERSIDE On behalf of the City of Charlottetown, I wish to congratulate the Prince Edward Island Police Association on the publication of the 23rd Annual Crime Prevention Guide. The theme this year is Children’s Internet Safety, a topic of concern for all residents of Prince Edward Island. The Internet can be of great benefit to our children, especially as a learning tool; however, it poses risks as well. It is important that we are aware of the online dangers and monitor our children while they are on the Internet. It is imperative that as adults, we educate ourselves and our children to learn the basic safety tips to follow while using the Internet. Whether for example, it be not sharing personal information, pictures or passwords. In closing, I hope everyone will read this guide to learn the proper procedures and safety tips for their children to follow while they are on the Internet. The risk to our children is real and we have to manage that risk through education, awareness and ensuring we know what our children are doing and the sites they are on while on the Internet. I wish all members of the Prince Edward Island Police Association well and thank them for their contribution in making Prince Edward Island a safer place. Clifford Lee Mayor City of Charlottetown On behalf of Council and the City of Summerside, I wish to offer sincere congratulations to the Prince Edward Island Police Association in producing their 24th Annual Crime Prevention Guide, which this year focuses on the essential topic of Suicide Prevention within our communities. We recognize the efforts put forth in the work you perform as Police Officers, who are dedicated and committed to providing the necessary skills and programs to benefit all our residents and visitors alike with the highest level of service and an exceptional quality of life. The City of Summerside is proud in knowing that through this guide and along with the many crime prevention programs your members are involved in, that you make our City and all communities across Prince Edward Island a better and safer place in which to live, work, and raise a family. Once again, congratulations on the 24th publication of your Annual Crime Prevention Guide; and we extend our best wishes to everyone involved in the Prince Edward Island Police Association. Sincerely, Basil Stewart Mayor City of Summerside
8 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE Enjoy prime locations, comfort & convenience. Variety of apartment styles. 902-566-2490 www.killamproperties.com Licenced Electrical/Security Contractor Residential & Commercial Free Estimates (902) 368-3082 Charlottetown (902) 888-9838 Summerside 14 Great George Street 3rd Floor Landing Place Charlottetown, PE C1A 4J6 (902) 368-3675 www.cooke.ca Congratulations to the Prince Edward Island Police Association on educating the Public on Suicide Prevention
9 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE MESSAGE FROM CHARLOTTETOWN’S CHIEF OF POLICE July 7, 2014 This year marks the twenty-fourth anniversary of the PEI Police Association. Part of the work of the Association involves the production of an annual Crime Prevention/Awareness Guide. Each year, the guide provides educational materials and information which help raise awareness and provide discussion points to an important issue facing our communities. This year, the guide focuses on the issue of Suicide Awareness. Suicide is preventable and statistics show that most people who attempt suicide want to live. However in many instances, they are overcome with emotional pain and cannot see any other way to handle a situation that may seem overwhelming and impossible to bear. The stigma associated with mental illnesses can prevent people from getting help. It is the aim of this guide to provide information on a number of front including understanding, prevention, coping and grieving. Education and information are key components to making our communities safer. The information glean from this guide; coupled with your willingness to talk about mental or emitional issues and suicide with a friend, family member, or co-worker can be the first step in getting them help and preventing suicide. The production of this guide and other guides not only raise awareness on important issues, but also assist the Police Association in the efforts to fund and support very worthwhile projects within our Island communities. On behalf of the members and staff of the Charlottetown Police Services, I would like to congratulate the PEI Police Association for the publication of this year’s Community Guide, and wish the Association every success in the future. Yours truly, A. Paul Smith, O.O.M. Chief of Police
10 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE Waugh’s Food Center 650 Water Street East Summerside, PEI C1N 4J1 Proprietor: Blair Waugh Phone: 902-436-9511 The Pilot House Pub & Dining Room Featuring Prime Rib Fresh Seafood, Pub Menu Local & Imported Beer Resv’s Recommended 70 Grafton, Charlottetown 894-4800 Office: 902-963-2352 1-800-665-2352 Website: www.marcopololand.com book your site online 24/7 NEW JUMPING PILLOW & KIDDIE POOL NEWTHISYEAR, BALL HOCKEY RINK! HENNIE HOEKSTRA Route 13 Cavendish, PE RR#1, Hunter River, PE C0A 1N0 Supporting Suicide Prevention
11 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE Congratulations to the PEI Police Association for continuing their good work again, in producing their 24th annual crime prevention guide. This year the Association has picked ‘Suicide Prevention Awareness’ as their topic for the guide. The Canadian Association for Suicide Prevention (CASP) provides information and resources to try to reduce the suicide rate and minimize the harmful consequences of suicidal behaviour. Sadly, statistics tell us that approximately 11 people will end their lives by suicide today in Canada. Awareness is essential to changing this behaviour. Firstly we must understand why people consider suicide and attempt to take their own lives. Suicide is preventable. Many factors and circumstances can contribute to someone’s decision to end his or her life. Firstly we need to recognize the warning signs and learn the importance of talking about suicide. Pain isn't always obvious, but most suicidal people show some signs that they are thinking about suicide. If you see even one warning sign, step in or speak up. The following are some of the signs to look for; anger, reckless behaviour, putting affairs in order and giving away possessions, changes in sleep patterns, increased alcohol and drug use, increased anxiety, talking about wanting to die, feeling of hopelessness, depressed or being trapped. If you know of someone exhibiting the signs above and wanting to end his/her life, here are some ways to get the conversation started; 1. Start the conversation. Mention the signs that prompted you to ask about suicide. This makes it clear that you are not asking ‘out of the blue,’ and makes it more difficult for the person to deny that something is bothering them. 2. Listen to the reasons the person has for both living and dying. Validate that they are considering both options and underscore that living is an option for them. Let the person know you care. Letting them know that you take their situation seriously, and you are genuinely concerned about them, will go a long way in your effort to support them. 3. Ask the person if they have access to any weapons, medications, etc., and help remove them from the vicinity. (Another friend, family member or law enforcement agency may be needed to assist with this.) Do not put yourself in danger; if you are concerned about your own safety, call 911. Create a safety plan together. Ask the person what will help keep them safe until they meet with a professional. 4. Provide the person with the resources you have come prepared with. If you feel the situation is critical, take the person to a nearby emergency room or walk-in psychiatric crisis clinic or call 9-1-1. Take the time to learn what to do now, so you're ready to be there for a friend or loved one when it matters most. People who contemplate suicide are not alone. There are many resources available to assess, treat and intervene. Crisis lines, counselors, intervention programs and more are available to those who ponder suicide as a way out, as well as to the person experiencing the emotional crisis. Suicide is a serious public health issue that affects us all. Help us raise awareness and reduce the number of suicides by educating the public and changing the way people think and talk about suicide. J. David Poirier Chief of Police Summerside Police Services MESSAGE FROM SUMMERSIDE’S CHIEF OF POLICE
12 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE Jacques Cartier Memorial Arena 349 Church Street Alberton, PE C0B 1B0 Ph: 902·853·2858 Fax: 902·853·3675 Committing to the province of Prince Edward Island 161 St. Peters Road, Charlottetown, PE C1A 5P6 Ph: (902)-566-4212 Fax: (902)-566-2516 Contact us with any of your building automation and service needs MACAUSLANDCONSTRUCTIONLTD 142 RUFUS STREET SUMMERSIDE, PE C1N 4K2 DOUG MACAUSLAND - REPRESENTATIVE BACKHOEING • SNOW REMOVAL & TRUCKING BORING & TESTING • PIPELINES BUS. 902-436-6112 RES. 902-436-7476 Training police officers for over 30 years. The Atlantic Police Academy provides training for municipal and regional forces in Atlantic Canada. Additional training includes: Police Science Cadet, Correctional Officer, Law & Security, Conservation Enforcement and Basic Firefighting. Atlantic Police Academy P.O. Box 156 Slemon Park, Prince Edward Island C0B 2A0 Tel: 902-888-6700, Fax: 902-888-6725 www.hollandcollege.com/APA 29 Garfield Street Charlottetown, PE Phone: 566-4736 AUBREY’S BOTTLE, SCRAP METAL & RECYCLING DEPOT Doug Young 8 Waverly Court Charlottetown PE C1A 3C3 Tel: (902) 892-7829 Cell: (902) 626-9583 Fax: (902) 892-5812 dougyoung@islandtelecom.com ATM Placements, Sales & Service Authorized dealer for Shaw Direct and Xplornet Satellite Internet Installations, Parts & Accessories Covering PEI, NB, and NS Toll Free: (902) 394-2774 CENTRAL SATELLITE SALES & SERVICE FOLEY’S TRANSFER INC BRIAN D. FOLEY 9 Walker Drive Charlottetown, PE C1A 8S5 (877) 854-7398 24 Hrs. (902) 894-9914 (Daytime) (902) 894-3416 Fax (902) 566-4851 foleys@pei.aibn.com Atlas Van Lines (Canada) Ltd NATIVE COUNCIL OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Phone: (902) 892-5314 Fax: (902) 368-7464 Toll Free: 1-877-591-3003 www.ncpei.com 6 F.J. McAulay Court Charlottetown, PE C1A 9M7
13 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE PEIPA Executive Members with Lawrence MacAulay, Liberal MP. PEIPA Executive Members with the Honourable Gail Shea, Minister of Fisheries and Oceans. PEIPA Executive Members withWayne Easter, Liberal MP. Cst. Joel Robichaud (PEIPA) making a financial donation to Jana Weatherbie, President of the Greenfield Elementary Home and School Association. The PEIPA is a long-time supporter of the Pumpkin Patrol. Millicent Mackay (Three Oaks Senior High), Sandra Ripley (Consolidated Credit Union), Constable Gino Scichilone (PEIPA) & Nicole Gallant (Three Oaks Senior High). Norma McColeman receives a financial donation from PEIPA Executive Member Ron MacLean in support of FamilyViolence PreventionWeek. PEIPA sponsors the Parkside Bicycle Rodeo held every year. Close to 100 children participated in the rodeo in 2014. PEIPA SUPPORTS THE COMMUNITY
14 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE !" # $% $ # &'% ((('" # $% $ # &'% ) % * $" $ $ $& $" # " + ) $ , ) & - $ $- , #% .& $ "# #& , ) / & "$ $- $ "# $ # % & BDC Place 119 Kent Street, Suite 505 Charlottetown, P.E.I. C1A 1N3 Tel: (902) 894-6756 (902) 894-6712 Fax: (902) 628-6302 Edouard (Ed) Babineau President ed@babineauholdings.com TIMBERVIEW LOGGING RR1, Georgetown Royalty, PE C0A 1L0 (902) 652-2202 timberview@pei.sympatico.ca Gérard Blanchard RR #1, Hunter River, PE C0A 1N0 (902) 621-0688 Clark Insurance 66 Broadway Street North Kensington, PE PH: 902-836-3265 FX: 902-836-4307 Celebrating Over 25 Years of Business 4 MacAleer Dr., Sherwood, PE CHARLOTTETOWN BOTTLE AND METALS LIMITED Dealers in copper brass, radiators, batteries, steel, bottles, etc. BILL KINNEY Bus: (902) 566-9897 Res: (902) 566-3238 Mailing Address: PO Box 1136, Cornwall PE C0A 1H0
15 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE Summerside Figure Skating Club The PEIPA is a main financial supporter for their Annual Ice Show in which youth from the age of 4 - 21 display their skating abilities. PEIPA SUPPORTS THE COMMUNITY Summerside Dolphin Swim Club Event coordinator Tammy McQuaid accepting an iPad Mini that the PEIPA donated for the raffle, and Cst. Ron Kennedy. North River Peewee A Jack's Truck Wash Team Tracy MacKenzie Memorial Run/Walk for Autism The starting line for the run/walk Under 15 Girls Provincial Basketball Team
16 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE Arlington Farms Ltd 1472 Arlington Road Richmond, PE C0B 1Y0 902.831.2106 GENTEKTM T&K Home Improvements Blueshank Road, Summerside Prince Edward Island C1N 4J9 www.gentek.ca Terry Peters Tel: (902) 436-5485 Fax: (902) 436-2429 tpeters@royallepage.ca FUNERAL HOME & CHAPEL (1979) LTD. Modern Air Conditioned Funeral Home & Chapel Pre-Arranged Funerals Ira M. Moase, Owner and Director Licensed Embalmer John W. MacIsaac, Director Licensed Embalmer 7 Sunset Drive PO Box 540, Kensington, PE C0B 1M0 Tel: 902 836-3313 Fax: 902 836-4461 www.davidsonfh.com Email: davison.fh@pei.aibn.com Agent for Heritage Memorials MacFadyen Farms Ltd RR#1 Borden Carleton, PE C0B 1X0 902.437.2322 85 Belvedere Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 6B2 17 West Street Charlottetown PEI C1A 3S3 Tel (902) 892-7667 Fax (902) 368-8629 ereagh@eastlink.ca 202 Buchanan Drive Charlottetown, PE C1E 2H8 902-892-8584 Locally owned and operated by K & A MacEachern Holding Ltd • Summerside • Alberton • Montague • Morell
17 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE Belfast Midget AA Hockey Team Colonel Gray High School Girls’ Volleyball Teams Team photograph of the Georgetown Kings Atom AA Hockey which received a financial donation from the PEIPA to cover expenses. Winning teams for the 2014 PEIPA Annual Hockey Tournament held in Summerside. PEIPA SUPPORTS THE COMMUNITY
18 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE Bus: 902•838•3535 Fax: 902•838•2474 Robertson Road Montague, PE PO Box 1120 Canada C0A 1R0 DIANNE LANK, BC - HIS Hearing Instrument Specialist Audio Consultants of PE Ltd Beltone Hearing Aid Centre Polyclinic Professional Centre 199 Grafton Street, Suite 304 Charlottetown, PE C1A 1L2 Telephone: 894-8455 Fax: 892-0097 Toll Free: 1-877-994-8455 Proud to support the P.E.I. Police Association Dr. Guy Boswall 591 North River Road Charlottetown, PE C1E 1J7 902-892-3200 ✓FIRST AID✓CPR✓NUTRITIOUS LUNCH & SNACKS ✓JUNIOR KINDERGARTEN ✓BEFORE & AFTER SCHOOL PROGRAMS ✓FULL & PART TIME SPACES - OPEN DOOR POLICY ✓INFANT TO AGE 12 ✓HOURS 7:30AM - 6:00PM 500 Queen Street Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 8K9 Telephone: 902892-0221 Toll free: 1 877 303-6831 Fax: 902892-2414 E-Mail: rsnyder@eastlink.ca A PARTNER YOU CAN TRUST www.investia.ca Ronald Snyder, B.A. Mutual Fund Representative MEMBER OF THE INDUSTRIAL ALLIANCE GROUP Midway Custom Construction Albany, PE 855-2415
19 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE PEI’s Race Against Drugs is entering its 15TH year with the PEI Police Association as its primary sponsor. PEIPA SUPPORTS THE COMMUNITY
20 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE Morrison’s Truck Salvage RR#1, Coleman, PE C0B 1H0 902.859.2350 24-HOUR RN CARE REGULAR DOCTOR VISITS PRIVATE OR SEMI PRIVATE UNITS CLOSE TO ALL AMENITIES 82 BEDS, 68 NURSING, 14 COMMUNITY CARE PLANNED ACTIVITY SCHEDULE HOME COOKED MEALS Nursing License No. 4 Community Care License No. 26 Inspected once. Inspected Right! John Vautour, CHI 308 North Queen Elizabeth Drive Charlottetown, PE C1A 3B5 Tel: (902) 367-4663 Cell: (902) 314-5314 Fax: (902) 367-4673 john.vautour@abuyerschoice.com www.abuyerschoice.com O’Leary 351 Main Street Box 274, O’Leary, PE C0B 1V0 Ph: 902-859-2768 Fax: 902-859-1311 fergusons@fergusonsfh.com Tyne Valley 7027 Barlow Road Tyne Valley Ph: 902-831-2500 Chinese & Canadian Food At Its Very Best Saturday Buffet 4:30 - 8:00 • Fully Licensed • Air Conditioned • Banquet Room • Eat In or Take Out • Buffet For 20 or More 836-5055 31 Broadway Street, Save Easy Mall, Kensington GAVAN GILL INC. BELMONT METAL WORKS 892-8469 BELMONT DISTRIBUTORS 566-1336 44 BELMONT STREET GAVAN GILL CHARLOTTETOWN, PE PRESIDENT C1A 5H1 566-5924 Phone: (902) 672-2842 Fax: (902) 672-1327 www.stanhopegolfclub.com (902) 659-2337 (902) 659-2865 www.gillislodge.com BELFAST
21 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE The Issue Every year close to 3,700 people in Canada commit suicide. Many of these deaths could be prevented by early ecognition of the signs of suicidal thinking and appropriate intervention, and early identification and effective treatment of mental illness. Background According to a Public Health Agency of Canada report in 2006, suicide account or 1.7 % of all deaths in Canada. However, this statistic does not take into consideration those suicides wrongly reported as accidental deaths or cases where it is difficult to assess whether or not the death was intentional. In fact, between 2000 - 2003, the annual number of reported deaths from suicide was higher than the number of deaths from transport accidents. The suicide rate among men is nearly four times higher than the rate among women. However, women are twice as likely to attempt suicide as men. The difference seems to come from the fact that men more often use a more lethal means, such as firearms or hanging to end their lives.Women are more likely to choose a more prolonged method, such as an overdose of pills, where there is a greater chance of an intervention that will save their lives. Also, men are generally more reluctant to seek help on mental health issues than women. Among adults aged 15 years and older, more than 3% have attempted suicide in their lifetime. More than one in five deaths among adults between the ages of 15 and 24 years is due to suicide. Suicide rates are much higher in some Aboriginal communities. Despite the fact that almost everyone in Canada has been touched by suicide, there is still a stigma attached to it and to mental illness in general. Stigma is a complex issue involving many factors, including religious practices that do not allow people who commit suicide to be buried in sacred ground.This stigma can be a barrier to someone seeking help for suicidal feelings. Factors in Suicidal Behaviour There are four main factors that come into play in suicidal behaviour. Predisposing Factors The factors that make an individual vulnerable to suicidal behaviour include: • Mental illness • Abuse • Loss of a loved one early in life • Family history of suicide • Long-term difficulty with peer relationships. Almost all people who kill themselves have a mental illness, such as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or borderline personality disorder. They often abuse drugs or alcohol. Although people who commit suicide are commonly depressed, only a minority of people who are depressed are suicidal. Previous suicide attempts are common among those who eventually die by suicide. Precipitating Factors These are the factors that create a crisis. The most common of these factors are losses, such as job loss, the death of a loved one, the end of a relationship, divorce or loss of position in society. Other factors that may cause the crisis include: • Pressure to succeed • Conflict with the law • Financial difficulties • Rejection by society for some personal trait, such as ethnic origin or sexual orientation. What these factors have is common is that they are situations over which the individual feels no sense of control. They cause unbearable psychological pain that the individual feels will never end. Contributing Factors These are the factors that make the individual even more vulnerable to suicidal behaviour. They can include: • Physical illness • Sexual identity issues • An unstable family environment • Risk-taking or self-destructive behaviour • The suicide of a friend SUICIDE PREVENTION ►
22 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE Dr. Wm. Neil McLure M.Sc., M.A., Psy.D., C.Psych., L.Psych Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology 292 Water Street, (Third Floor) Phone: (902) 432-3910 Summerside, Prince Edward Island Fax: (902) 432-3007 Canada C1N 1B8 E-mail: mclure@pei.sympatico.ca DANIEL R. ROSS INC. POTATOES, BEEF CATTLE BELFAST, R.R. # 3 PE C0A 1AO BUS: (902) 659-2283 CANADA RES: (902) 659-2711 MacKinnon Bros. Service Centre 419 Mount Edward Road Charlottetown, PE Licensed Mechanics Inspection • Alignment Brake Service 892-7781 892-2771 China Star Restaurant 265 WATER STREET, SUMMERSIDE, PE 10% OFF Takeout Orders of $40.00 or More Prices do not include taxes, and exclude Holidays & New Year’s Eve 888-3228 “The Best Chinese Food on Prince Edward Island” PO Box 205, Morell, PE C0A 1S0 902.961.3330 North River Fire Department Mailing Address: P.O. Box 269, Cornwall, PE C0A 1H0 Physical Address: 66 Trans Canada Hwy Tel: (902) 566-2550 Fax: (902) 628-6341 Email: nrfd@eastlink.ca www.nrfd.ca
23 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE • Isolation • Substance abuse. Protective Factors These factors help to decrease the risk of suicide. They include: • A resilient personality • Tolerance for frustration • Self control • Good social supports • A sense of humour • At least one good relationship. Symptoms of Suicidal Behaviour More suicides could be prevented if people were aware of the warning signs for suicidal behaviour. People considering suicide often show one or more of these signs of distress. They may: • Repeatedly express that they feel hopeless, helpless or desperate, although many will not talk about it at all; • Experience a change in sleep patterns; • Lose their appetite or have no energy; • Make negative comments about themselves; • Lose interest in things they used to enjoy, such as friends, hobbies or sports; • Give away prize possessions and take other actions to put their affairs in order; • Express their final wishes to someone or talk about their suicidal thoughts, although again, many will not talk about it at all; • Have a plan as to how they will commit suicide, even giving the time and place. Minimizing The Risk If you or someone close to you shows some of these warning signs for suicide, here are steps you can take to help: • Most communities in Canada have access to a Crisis/Distress line staffed by people with experience in helping those considering suicide. Their telephone numbers are usually prominently displayed in the first few pages of the telephone directory. Call them for advice and referrals. • Help remove the stigma associated with suicide by talking openly and frankly with someone about suicidal feelings. Show interest and support. Blaming someone for their negative feelings or telling them to “pull themselves together” doesn’t help and may further isolate the individual by discouraging them to share thoughts or look for help. • Get professional help from your family doctor or a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or a psychologist.They can make a difference. If a friend or family member is suicidal, it can be helpful to offer to go with them. • Where possible, remove items that can be used for suicide, such as firearms, knives, over- the-counter medicines and drugs. Suicidal behaviour is often impulsive and restricting access to methods can substantially reduce the risk of a completed suicide. •Involve other friends and family members. The more support, the better for the person at risk and for you. • For more information and help, contact the mental health organizations listed in the Need More Info? section. Government of Canada’s Role The Government of Canada works to help Canadians maintain and improve their mental health, including preventing suicidal behaviour. Within its jurisdiction, the Government of Canada works to: • Develop and disseminate knowledge on mental health promotion and mental illness prevention; • Provide leadership and governance; • Develop social marketing campaigns; and • Conduct surveillance on health trends in population. In 2007, the federal government provided funding to establish and support The Mental Health Commission of Canada to lead the development of a national mental health strategy SUICIDE PREVENTION ■
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25 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE In 2009, in Canada, there were 145 male suicides (and a 12.6 per 100,000 suicide rate) in the 15-19 age range. For females, there were a total of 57 deaths (and a corresponding suicide rate of 5.2per 100,000). These numbers rise sharply (especially for males) when they reach their twenties and beyond. Males reach a peak rate of 27per 100,000 in the 40-44 age range with a recorded number of 337 deaths in 2009. In Canada, suicide accounts for 24 percent of all deaths among 15-24year olds. Boys die by suicide two to threetimes more often than girls. Teens are admitted to hospital for suicide attempts more than any other age group; some accounts suggest as many as one quarter of all admissions are for teens Historical Trends According to a longitudinal study published by the Canadian Medical Association Journal which looks at suicides by boys and girls over a thirty-year period (1980-2008), there has been a modest decline in suicides for boys aged 10-19 and a slight rise for girls in the same age range. Girls have always attempted suicide more frequently than boys. But there is reason to believe that girls are increasingly using more lethal means, like hanging, when attempting suicide, which could account for the increase in suicidal deaths. However, the number of suicides for both boys and girls in Canada has been relatively consistent in the last ten years and suicide remains the second leading cause of death for young people in Canada. Risk Factors • Mental illness • Substance abuse • Physical or sexual abuse • Ambivalence of sexual orientation • Feelings of hopelessness • Access to lethal means of suicide • Homelessness • Non-lethal self-injury or previous suicide attempts • Exposure to a friend or family member’s suicidal behaviour Protective Factors • Positive school environment • Family connectedness • Self-esteem • Peer support SUICIDAL IDEATION (thoughts of suicide) can occur in children as early as age 8 or 9. It surfaces more often in the teenage years. Ideation is a principal warning sign for future suicidal behaviour, especially suicide attempts. It is imperative that youth-at-risk get the attention and help they need as early as possible. Strategies proven effective in reducing suicide rates, such as early intervention for youth with mental health disorders, are often not available A priority at both the national and provincial levels should be to get vulnerable youth the medical and psychological attention they need. CYBERBULLYING – A New Threat For Youth at Risk (Excerpt from Cyber bullying by Suzanne McLeod) Social media sites, such as Facebook, mySpace, Twitter, YouTube, Flickr, Tumblr, Messenger and cell phone texting, have become a large part of the way in which youth today communicate and socialize (Brown, Cassidy, Jackson, 2006). From this, cyber-bullying has become an increasing reality among adolescents. Research shows that youth who have been bullied are at a higher risk for suicide ideation and thoughts, attempts and completed suicides. Bullying contributes to depression, decreased self-worth, hopelessness and loneliness (Hinduja, Patchin, n.d.). Those who become “cyber-bullies” feel that they are able to remain anonymous, giving them a sense of power and control that allows them to do and say things they would not normally say in the “real world.” In cyberspace, literally hundreds of perpetrators can get involved in the abuse (Hinduja, Patchin, n.d.). Youth who are the victims experience the same feelings of powerlessness and hopelessness as if they were being bullied face-to-face. Because of the pervasive nature of the internet and cell phones, it is harder than ever for victims to escape their tormentors. It can happen anywhere—at home, at school, at any time of the day or night (Brown, Cassidy, Jackson, 2006). In extreme cases, victims have been known to become aggressive and fight back, or to become depressed and attempt suicide. Youth who have experienced cyber-bullying were almost twice as likely to attempt suicide compared to those who had not (Hinduja, Patchin, n.d.). Centre for Suicide Prevention, Copyright 2012 ■ T E E N S U I C I D E
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27 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE SUICIDE IN CHILDREN AND YOUTH: Summary: When individuals are overwhelmed, whether by life stresses, or by conditions such as depression, they may turn to suicide as a way of coping. And although it is scary, the good news is that ultimately the person is trying to cope. Family and friends are absolutely critical, and can offer support in many ways, such as by spending time with the person, listening and validating the person, and helping ensure that the person seek professional help. What is Suicide? Suicide is the act of ending one's life. People can get thoughts about committing suicide for many reasons, such as when a person is under so many stresses that they become overwhelmed and cannot cope. Typical stresses may include: • Home stress, such as conflict/disgreements with mother, father, siblings... • School stress such as problems with friends, schoolwork, teachers, bullies... • Work stress such as problems with co-workers, bosses, workload... • Other problems such as depression, anxiety, substance use People can feel suicidal when they feel 1) disconnected from other people, 2) helpless to deal with their stress, and/or 3) hopeless that their stress will improve. Thus, one way to help a young person who is feeling suicidal is to help 1) them feel connected again, and/or 2) overcome helplessness by giving them a sense of control, and/or 3) give them a sense of hope. Warning Signs for Suicide The following is a list of signs that may indicate someone is thinking about suicide. If your child exhibits only one or two things on this list, then it is probably not a big concern, but you would be much more worried if your child exhibits several of these warning signs: • Your child expresses feelings of worthlessness, such as, "I'm no good to anybody." • Your child talks about suicide and about what it would be like if things end. He or she may make comments such as, "When I'm gone ..." or ask questions such as, "What would it be like if I wasn't around?" • Your child becomes preoccupied with giving away or distributing his/her possessions. • Your child shows hopelessness about the future, saying things such as, "What's the use? If You Are WorriedYour Child May be Feeling Suicidal Talk to your loved one openly about suicide. Do not be afraid to ask. You might gently lead into things by asking some general questions: E.g. You might start by saying, "How are you doing?", and then remember to give your loved one a chance to respond! You might then express your concerns, e.g. you might say "I love and I'm worried about you these days." You might then ask, "It seems like things have been stressful for you lately." A nice gentle way to bring up the topic of suicide is then to say, "Does it ever get so stressful that you think life isn't worth living?" If your child says yes, then you might proceed to ask, "Do you get any thoughts of doing something to end your life?" If your child says YES to this, then seek immediate professional help. This may include: • Calling 911 • Calling a telephone crisis line • Calling a friend or doctor And even if your child says "no" when you directly ask about thoughts of suicide, trust your instincts. If you are worried your child is in immediate danger of ending his/her life, then get help. Ways to Support Someone Who is Passively Suicidal If your child is not actively suicidal, but is nonetheless still having thoughts that life is not worth living, here are some possible things you might do: First of all, seek professional help. Be a support, but remember that you are not a counsellor/therapist. Listen and validate what your loved one is saying. • Thank the other person for sharing with you. "I didn't know you feeling so bad... Thanks for telling me." • Empathize, which means that you agree and acknowledge how bad the person feels, e.g. "Yeah, I can see that would be very difficult." Don't say things such as "You shouldn't be feeling this way" or "You should count yourself lucky" because that may make the person feel guilty, and less likely to open up to you. • Don't invalidate or judge the other person for how they are feeling, even if you yourself wouldn't feel the same way. Don't say things such as... "How can you possibly feel this way? After all that we've done for you? Is this the way you repay us? How can you do this to us?" Such blame will most likely make your child feel worse, making it less likely ► A GUIDE FOR PARENTS
28 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE Proud to Support The Prince Edward Island Police Association Lloyd Cudmore - P. ENG 4-G WALKER DRIVE BUS: (902) 892-8200 CHARLOTTETOWN, PE FAX: (902) 892-5155 C1A 8S6 EMAIL: lloydpmi@eastlink.ca West Prince Bookkeeping Certified Simply Accounting Consultants Personal and Corporate Tax Returns Pleased to support the PEIPA Elmsdale, PE 902-853-3470 West Prince Industry Center Thomas M. Carver Ltd Lime, Fertilizer, Sand & Gravel Loader, Dozer, Float Rental Alliston, PE C0A 1R0 Phone 962-2989 1-902-962-2891 Fax 1-866-364-3555 Toll Free DR. WILLIAM JUDSON Dental Surgeon 110 Kensington Road Charlottetown, PE C1A 5J5 620-7222 La Commission scolaire de langue française Téléphone : (902) 854-2975 Télécopieur : (902) 854-2981 Courriel : cslf@edu.pe.ca 01596, Route 124, RR1, Abram-Village, Î.-P-É. C0B 2E0 2 Centennial Dr. Cornwall, PE C0A 1H0 902-370-7267 P.O. Box 31 North Rustico, PE C0A 1X0 (902) 963-2442 DoironFisheries
29 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE SUICIDE IN CHILDREN AND YOUTH: A GuiDE for PArEnts that s/he will confide in you. And worse, in some cases such statements will only confirm to the child that s/he is a burden, increasing the risk of suicide. • Give hope. "This is going to get better. Things were better in the past; we'll get it back to how it was when things were better." • Tell the person they are not alone. "We're in this one together; we're going to help you get over this." • Offer your support, e.g. "How can I support you? How can I help you get over this?" • Help the person with problem-solving. People often think about suicide when they are overwhelmed by stress. And even if those stresses don't directly cause a person to feel suicidal, the stress nonetheless doesn't help. Things you might say to help problem-solving include: - "Sometimes people think of hurting themselves when they're under stress or trying to deal with some problem" - "What's the stress that your dealing with?" - "Is there some particular problem that you're trying to deal with?" - "I'm here for you and want to help you work through this..." If you discover your relative after a suicide attempt: 1. Call 911 (or an ambulance) immediately. 2. If you know first aid, administer it immediately. 3. Phone someone to go with you to the hospital; or to stay with you at home. 4. After you come home from the hospital, do not try to handle things alone. Have other relatives or friends to talk to, and consider contacting a support group, or counselor/therapist for yourself as well. Providing a safe home for a person who is feeling suicidal Whenever someone has thoughts about suicide, whether those thoughts are active or not, make your home a safer place by removing potential sources of harm: 1. Remove firearms and weapons Make sure that there are no firearms, ammunition nor weapons in the home. Remove any fire arms from the home by giving to a trusted friend/neighbour, or by taking them to the local police station if no other options can be found. 2. Remove alcohol Since alcohol affects rational thinking and lowers inhibitions, alcohol can be a risk factor for suicide. Hence, remove alcohol from the home or keep in small amounts only. 3. Medications Prescription medications should be locked up. People who are depressed often overdose on the very medications that they are prescribed for depression. Fortunately, in general, newer medications prescribed for depression (such as Fluoxetine/ProzacTM Fluvoxamine/LuvxTM, po Ser tral ine/ZoloftTM, Paroxetine/Paxi lTM, Citalopram/CelexaTM) are significantly safer than the older medications, even in overdose. Nonetheless, it is still best to lock them up anyways. Make sure that when prescriptions are filled, that you have safe amounts of medication on hand, which makes it harder to overdose. Ask the physician or pharmacist to dispense safe amounts. Supervise your child when s/he takes medication(s). Dispose of all unused or out-of-date medications, by taking them to the local pharmacy for disposal. Lock up or get rid of over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen (TylenolTM), acetylsalicylic acid (AspirinTM, or ASA). These medications can be dangerous in overdose, so it is safest to remove them from the home. 4. Remove any other means of suicide Remove or lock up cords, ropes, sharp knives, or other obvious means of self-harm. 5. Car keys Remove access to car keys as a car can be used to harm oneself 6. Lock up things in the car If you don't have other options to lock up things, then firearms or medications can be locked in a car (preferably in the trunk) High Risk Periods During high risk periods (such as holidays, anniversaries, or times when close supports are away, be extra cautious and check in regularly with your loved one. Do not leave him/her alone for long periods. If you do have to go out, take your loved one with you. If you have to go out, but your loved one is unable (unwilling) to come along, then you might try asking a friend/neighbour to be with them if you have to go out. In addition, during an an emergency, you can always contact: • 911 • A Crisis Hotline Making an emergency action plan ahead of time is helpful and will reduce stress if it is ever needed. During a crisis is not the best time to be running around trying to find information or phone numbers. ■
30 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE Chief Mary Bernard Memorial Women’s shelter A safe place for women and children (902) 831-2332 or toll free 1-855-297-2332 for all women who are victims of abuse or who are homeless open 24 hours a day 7 days a week Serving the Maritimes for over 40 years Jean Allain Branch Manager Tel: 902.368.1011 Fax: 902.368.3702 www.atlanticroofers.com PO Box 146 Winsloe, PEI Canada C1E 1Z2 PETER J. PIERRE M.A., C. PSYCH. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST SHERBROOKE PROFESSIONAL CENTRE SUITE 5, 500 GRANVILLE ST SUMMERSIDE, PE C1N 5Y1 TEL: 902.436.6799 FAX: 902.436.5068 EMAIL: pjpierre@live.com CORNWALL • Grocery Items • Deli Items • Prepared Foods • Lotto Machine • Bank Machine Cornwall Plaza, Cornwall Open Sunday 12-5 pm 628-6787 www.saveeasy.ca New Glasgow Lobster Supper 604 RTE 258 Hunter River, PE C0A 1N0 - new Home and renovation - uV Lights / Water softeners - Condensing Propane Boilers - 24/7 service - Geo Heat Pumps - Video inspection
31 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE The Royal Canadian Legion Branch 8 PO Box 59, 15 Douces Road Montague, PE C0A 1R0 Proudly Serving Veterans And Their Families in 47 Communities For over 80 Years Bus: (902) 628-1157 Fax: (902) 628-1158 Res: (902) 657-2041 aer@eastlink.ca atlanticequipmentrepair.com 2 Bevan Cres. Charlottetown, PE C1E 2A1 ATLANTIC EQUIPMENT REPAIRS “Light, Medium & Heavy Truck Repair.” JOE ROONEY PROUD SPONSORS of the PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND POLICE ASSOCIATION Prince Edward Island Union of Public Sector Employees “Partners in the Community”
32 24TH ANNUAL CRIME PREVENTION GUIDE C A N A DA ’ S LG B T Q Y O U T H AT GREATER RISK OF SUICIDE THAN STRAIGHT YOUTH Egale Canada Human Rights Trust (ECHRT) launched a Report on Outcomes and Recommendations from the first national Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Two Spirit, Queer and Questioning (LGBTQ) Youth Suicide Prevention Summit. LGBTQ youth are at significantly greater risk of suicide than their heterosexual and cisgender peers: 33% of LGB youth have attempted suicide in comparison to 7% of youth in general, and 47% of trans youth have thought about suicide in the past year alone. ECHRT hosted experts from across Canada and the United States for the first ever LGBTQ Youth Suicide Prevention Summit in Canada. Participants included leading academics and researchers, educators, social service providers, medical professionals, coroners and medical examiners, LGBTQ and Aboriginal community leaders, and public policy developers. The Summit culminated in the drafting of twenty recommendations for the prevention of suicide among LGBTQ youth in Canada, which are enumerated in the report released today. “This report,” said Helen Kennedy, Executive Director of ECHRT, “represents a significant step toward ending the tragic and entirely unnecessary loss of so many precious lives. Today, we call on all levels of government to implement these recommendations as part of a critically needed national action plan to end youth suicide.” Kennedy also announced the launch of a new campaign to provide education and resources on LGBTQ youth suicide prevention to parents and school communities. Nancy Campana added, “As a family that has had to face one of the most excruciating losses any family can imagine, the death of our dear son Rocky, we are looking forward to being an integral part of sharing our story and making sure that both parents and youth have the knowledge and resources needed to help them in times of crisis.” “Rocky was a shining star, an achiever and proud to be gay. He had everything in life to live for including a high profile new job and a family he adored and that supported him endlessly with great pride. It is now apparent that Rocky suffered from depression. We understand that if this scenario is possible in our family it is a risk for any family with an LGBTQ youth.” The first recommendation of the report highlights the need to recognize and address the vast diversity of LGBTQ youth experiences across the country. “This intersectional approach is vital in supporting the most at risk individuals,” noted Jeremy Dutcher, co-chair of the Wabanaki Two Spirit Alliance and an attendee of the Summit. “Egale has made working with Aboriginal and Two Spirit organizations on the challenge of LGBTQ youth suicide a major priority. Given the extremely high rates of suicide among Aboriginal people, especially those who are victimized and targeted because of their sexual orientation or gender identity, the need for these recommendations to be implemented is paramount.” For more information: Helen Kennedy, Executive Director 416-964-7887 ext. 7000 / 416-270-1999 www.egale.ca Today, we call on all levels of government to implement these recommendations as part of a critically needed national action plan to end youth suicide
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